In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. mRNA is RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis (translation) within a cell.

What is the purpose of UTR?

UTRs are known to play crucial roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including modulation of the transport of mRNAs out of the nucleus and of translation efficiency [3], subcellular localization [4] and stability [5].

What is the UTR of a gene?

The 5′ untranslated region (UTR) is a regulatory region of DNA situated at the 5′ end of all protein-coding genes that is transcribed into mRNA but not translated into protein.

What do the UTR do on mRNA?

mRNA 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs), which serve as the entry point for the ribosome during translation, can adopt elaborate RNA secondary and tertiary structures that may regulate translation initiation in a cap-dependent or cap-independent manner.

What does UTRs mean?

A UTR or Unique Transaction Reference number is a reference number for identifying an NEFT, IMPS or RTGS transaction. Every bank in India uses UTR numbers for all local modes of money transfer and they are beneficial for recipients in case there has been no recent update or credit corresponding to your transaction.

Is the 3 UTR in DNA?

In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. During gene expression, an mRNA molecule is transcribed from the DNA sequence and is later translated into a protein.

Is UTR an exon?

In protein-coding genes, the exons include both the protein-coding sequence and the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions (UTR).

Why is 3 UTR important?

3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are best known to regulate mRNA-based processes, such as mRNA localization, mRNA stability, and translation. Therefore, 3′ UTR-mediated information transfer can regulate protein features that are not encoded in the amino acid sequence.

How can you tell if a UTR is 3 or 5?

In most cases, the sequence between the 5’end and the start codon of the longest ORF will be the 5’UTR. The sequence between the stop codon and the poly(A) will be the 3’UTR.

What is a Polycistron?

The term polycistronic is used to describe an mRNA corresponding to multiple genes whose expression is also controlled by a single promoter and a single terminator. Polycistronic mRNAs are also called operons. All eukaryotic mRNAs are monocistronic.

What is a UTR in RNA?

In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. mRNA is RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis (translation) within a cell.

What is 5 UTR and its function in gene expression?

While called untranslated, the 5′ UTR or a portion of it is sometimes translated into a protein product. This product can then regulate the translation of the main coding sequence of the mRNA.

What is CDS in genetics?

A CoDing Sequence (CDS) is a region of DNA or RNA whose sequence determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. It may happen that the protein sequence is not entirely accurate, especially for sequences derived from gene predictions from genomic sequences.

What are 5 and 3 UTR?

5′ UTR is the portion of an mRNA from the 5′ end to the position of the first codon used in translation. The 3′ UTR is the portion of an mRNA from the 3′ end of the mRNA to the position of the last codon used in translation.

Is the 5 UTR part of the promoter?

Essential promoter elements are located within the 5′ untranslated region of human insulin-like growth factor-I exon I.

What is UTR in testing?

Untranslated regions (UTR) play important roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA processing. It can completely and accurately reconstruct 72% of the 3′ UTRs and 15% of the 5′ UTRs when tested using 908 functionally cloned transcripts.